History and Evolution of Digital Imaging Technology in Health Care Essay Example

History and Evolution of Digital Imaging Technology in Health Care Paper Digital imaging technology plays a major role in contemporary health care, both as a tool in primary diagnosis and as a guide for surgical and therapeutic procedures. Besides gains over analog techniques concerning the image acquisition phase, such as possibility of dose reduction with no over- or under-exposure problems, the main motivation behind digital imaging is to exploit the advantages of digital storage and communication technology. Digital data can be easily archived, stored and retrieved quickly and reliably, used in more than one location at a time, do not suffer from aging and moreover are suited to image post-processing operations. One of the most important innovations not only in digital imaging technology, but in the medicine field as well, is the X-ray technology. X-ray imaging was the first diagnostic imaging technology, and scholars claim that X-ray technology was invented accidentally in 1895. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen was a professor of physics at the University of Wurzberg in Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on History and Evolution of Digital Imaging Technology in Health Care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on History and Evolution of Digital Imaging Technology in Health Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on History and Evolution of Digital Imaging Technology in Health Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He was doing experiments with a cathode ray tube when he noticed that a fluorescent screen on the other side of the room was glowing (Green and Bowie, 2004). Because Roentgen knew that the cathode rays could travel only a short distance outside the cathode tube in the air, he knew he was observing a new phenomenon, an unknown ray, which he identified as an â€Å"x† ray, noting the unknown in mathematics. This accidental discovery by Roentgen has impacted most human beings in the course of their lives. For the health care sector, this discovery has led to more effective diagnostics, X-ray technology gave physicians a powerful too, that for the first time, permitted accurate diagnosis of a wide variety of diseases and injuries. X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation capable of penetrating solids. The penetration capability is higher in soft tissue than in hard and this difference can be registered on photographic film. This basic method of X-ray was quite sufficient for the examination of broken bones or punctured lungs, but the use of X-ray as a diagnostic instrument was increased by replacing the photographic film with a light sensitive electronic device combined with a capability for amplifying the signals. Initially, x-rays were used to diagnose bone fractures and dislocations, and in the process, x-ray machines became commonplace in most urban hospitals. Separate departments of radiology were established, and their influence spread to other departments throughout the hospital. By the 1930s, x-ray visualization of practically all organ systems of the body had been made possible through the use of barium salts and a wide variety of radiopaque materials (Green and Bowie, 2004). Through this development, it became possible to convert the X-ray beam to analog electronic signals, which could be presented on a television screen. In many respects the technology of image amplifying resembled television technology. By employing electronics it became possible to decrease the energy in the X-ray beam and thus to reduce the exposure to radiation. The shift to electronic technology increased the possibilities for discriminating between different levels of penetration and it also made possible to examine moving parts. The energy required by the electromagnetic radiation was also reduced by the development of new, more light-sensitive photographic film. Issues in Information Technology for Health Care In the pre-information technology, the management of patient records in health care organizations was based largely on manual file processing systems. Over time, these practices became standardized in the form of patient registers, medical service claims, work orders, patient billing files, and books of accounts. The manual system required health record technicians and specialists who were well trained in maintaining paper-based records, while others (e.g., physicians and nurses) delivered the services. The health manager’s role was simply to enforce documentation to conform to evolving standards, such as acceptable data coding, accounting principles, and book practices. In effect, the manual system of documentation dictated the traditional structure of the health care organization. Patient records are maintained by the records department of a health care institution, and the quality of a patient record depends largely on the individuals making record entries. All healthcare practitioners and others who enter information into patient records must understand the importance of creating complete and accurate records, as well as the legal and medical implications of failing to do so. The increased emphasis on fraud and abuse prevention in the healthcare industry has further highlighted the importance of proper medical records. Today, concern about privacy and confidentiality is increasing. To some degree, this concern is fueled by the growth of electronic medical records and databases that allow the exchange of information to more people, at great distances, with little effort.

Classroom Accommodations for Students With Dyslexia

Classroom Accommodations for Students With Dyslexia When a student with dyslexia is eligible for accommodations in the classroom through an IEP or Section 504, those accommodations need to be individualized to fit the unique needs of the student. Accommodations are discussed at the annual IEP meeting, during which the educational team determines the  accommodations that will help support student success.   Although students with dyslexia will have different needs,  there are some accommodations which are commonly found to be helpful for students with dyslexia. Reading Accommodations Provide books on tape, CDs, or on an electronic reader or textbook that a child can listen to especially for content areas.  Create opportunities for oral reading on a one-on-one basis and only ask the student to read aloud in class if he feels comfortable doing so and volunteers to readProvide outlines, summaries of chapters, vocabulary words and preview questions before readingAllow students to use a highlighter to mark important parts of the textUsed shared reading or reading buddiesAllow the student to discuss, one-on-one, the material after reading with a classroom aide, a partner student or the teacherProvide a set of books/textbooks for the student to keep at homeReduce spelling testsGive spelling tests orallyDont take off points for spelling errors on written workReduce spelling words Writing Accommodations Allow the student to dictate work to a parent or aideProvide speech-to-text softwareOffer alternative projects instead of written reportsPhotocopy another childs notes or designate a note-taker who will share notes at the end of classMinimize the amount of copying from the boardAllow the student to use a keyboard to take notesLet student respond to questions orally rather than writing each answerReduce written work Testing Accommodations Allow the student to take tests orallyAllow for extra timeReview directions to test orallyProvide alternatives to testing, such as projects, oral or video presentationsRead test questions to the student and write down answers as the student speaks the answerAllow tests to be taken outside of the classroom, in a quiet area with minimal distractionsHave students state answers into a tape recorder Homework Accommodations Reduce homework, especially assignments requiring readingAllow the student to dictate answers to homework to a parent, sibling or tutorAllow typewritten homeworkUse worksheets with minimal writingLimit time spent on homeworkDo not take off points for homework handed in late Giving Instructions or Directions Break large tasks into stepsGive directions in small stepsRead written directions or instructions to the studentProvide alternatives to writing assignments, use an online calendar, provide the student with a written list of assignments each morning, have a buddy student write assignments, an email list of assignments to student or parentGive examples or model behavior when giving instructionsMake eye contact with a student when giving directions Technology Accommodations Provide computers that have speech recognition softwareAllow the use of electronic spell-checkersProvide software that enlarges images on a computer screenProvide student with a computer to complete class workAllow students to tape record lessons Classroom Accommodations Often students with dyslexia also have co-morbid challenges, especially ADHD or ADD which will add to these students challenges and often leave them with  negative self-concept and low self-confidence.  Be sure to have some of these accommodations, either formally (in the IEP) or informally, as part of your classroom routines, to support both student success and student self-esteem.   Write schedules on boardWrite classroom rules on boardWrite homework assignments on the board in the morning and leave up throughout the dayHave the student sit near the teacherUse color-coding to organize desk, classroom and students booksUse multi-sensory activities to further understanding of topicsUse a positive reinforcement program with rewards and consequencesCreate private signals for a student to indicate high frustration or for the teacher to bring a child back on trackIncrease communication with parents, using daily or weekly emails or phone calls and increase meetings with parentsAssign classroom jobs that will help to increase self-esteemWork with the student to create achievable goals This list is not comprehensive  since just as  each student with dyslexia is different, their needs will be different. Some students may only require minimal accommodations while others may require more intense interventions and assistance. Use this list as a guideline to help you think about what needs the student, or students, in your classroom have. When attending IEP or Section 504 meetings, you can use this list as a checklist; sharing with the educational team what you feel would best help the student. References Accommodations in the Classroom, 2011, Staff Writer, University of Michigan: Institute for Human Adjustment Dyslexia, Date Unknown, Staff Writer, Region 10 Education Service Center Learning Disabilities, 2004, Staff Writer, University of Washington, The Faculty Room

Compare and contrast Abraham as a religious figure in Judaism, Essay

Compare and contrast Abraham as a religious figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam How is he so And how might this build each religion - Essay Example Abraham is considered to be the first of three Biblical Patriarchs, who lived after the Flood. According to the book of Genesis, he was the first of Jews, and the founder of the Jewish people. â€Å"For Jewish commentators through the ages, the biblical story of Hagar and Sarah forces a choice between two central principles: reverence for their Jewish ancestors, through whom God creates the nation of Israel, and concern for the powerless, which is enshrined in biblical and subsequent Jewish law† (Trible, P., 2006, 102). According to Judaism Abraham is associated with opening of the idea of ​​monotheism and its development. When he was three years old, he understood that God is the creator of everything and smashed the idols of his father Terah. The "Land of Moriah" is revealed in the history of the sacrifice of Isaac and identified with the Mount Moriah in Jerusalem, where Solomon built the Temple. Therefore, it is believed that the temple was built in the place where Abraham created an altar for burning the offerings. In the Christian tradition the image of the patriarch Abraham is the prototype of the highest piety and righteousness, in both the Old and the New Testament. According to St. John, Abraham was the guardian and teacher of faith and morals of his people among the surrounding Gentiles. St. Augustine wrote about Gods promise to Abraham, the multiplication of progeny and his blessing, which refers to all mankind. The Islam religion considers that the Kaaba was built by Ibrahim (Abraham) together with his son Ishmael in Mecca, on the place, where it stood during the days of Adam. Ibrahim died in Jerusalem at the age of 175 years. Over the cave of Machpelah, where he was buried, Muslims built a mosque and protected it, as one of the holiest shrines. According to the Koran the son of Ibrahim - Ishmael was the progenitor of the Arabic people. Muslims state that Abraham was in Mecca together with