Spenser and Shakespeare Contrasting Approaches to Sonnets

Spenser and Shakespeare: Contrasting Approaches to Sonnets For over many centuries, countless poets have chosen to interpret their thoughts, sentiments and concepts through sonnets as opposed to other varying forms of poetry. Invented in Europe and perfected by Petrarch around the XIV century, the sonnet is considered to be the longest lived form of poetry and has since influenced the works and minds of succeeding artists such as Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare. Thus, by observing Spenser’s Sonnet LXXV and Shakespeare’s Sonnet 55, it can be deduced that both poets have adopted the structure of sonnets to arouse emotions and imagination, but have taken different perspectives in doing so. Therefore, by means of comparing and†¦show more content†¦For example, one of the lines states: â€Å"Nor Mars his sword, no warres quick fire shall burne: the living record of your memory†, which reinforces her immortal memory by comparing her to the sword of Mars, the god of war. With this, he adds: â€Å"So till the j udgement that your selfe arise, you live in this, and dwell in lovers eies†. Thus, the memory of his lover is so strong, that even when she has died, her memory will live on through his powerful rhyme and others who read it will remain absorbed with her essence. In brief, Spenser and Shakespeare succeeded in interpreting the theme of immortalized love; yet after analysing the two sonnets, it is evident that both took different approaches of comparison to achieve their goal. Furthermore, both Sonnet LXXV and Sonnet 55 also differ in their given form and structure. In this case, Spenser’s sonnets were known to have their own specific format, which led to the emergence of the Spenserian sonnet. Spenserian sonnets were a variant on the traditional English format, but still possessed three quatrains and one couplet. However, the slight variation was found in the unique interlocking rhyme scheme: ABAB BCBC CDCD EE. This rhyme scheme is also established in Sonnet LXXV. To add, the poem was written with an iambic pentameter rhythm, meaning there are five feet in every line. Each foot contains two syllables with an unstressed (X)/stressed (–) pattern which make up the metre of the poem: x – x –Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 642006 Words   |  9 PagesSonnets hold more detail and depth than can be easily noted in a first reading. Due to their strict structure and short length, a lot of thought must be put into the words chosen by the poets. Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare exemplify the idea of sonnet diction being a vital part of the poem. This is especially true in the cases of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Spenser’s Sonnet 64. Both sonnets feature a strong focus on a female beloved and her appearance. The two authors have different approaches

Role Reversal in Shakespeare’s Macbeth Essay - 544 Words

In William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, two main characters experience a change that alters their roles and brings out the worst in them. After Macbeth is promised greatness by three witches on a heath, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth try to achieve his prophecy. Because of their over-reaching ambition, they commit numerous murders to obtain their goal of becoming royalty. In order to cope with the guilt, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth undergo a role reversal, where they exchange characters and amount of ambition. In the beginning of Macbeth, Macbeth is hesitant. Lady Macbeth, being ruthless, tries to convince Macbeth to kill King Duncan, but his conscience is stronger than his ambition. He feels that the king is at his palace in â€Å"double-trust†; he is†¦show more content†¦No man that’s born of woman shall e’er have power upon thee† (V. iii. 6-7). He is not questioning anything and thinks that he cannot be killed by anyone. On the contrary, Lady Macbeth begins as a ruthless woman. She has a manipulative and controlling character, convincing Macbeth to kill King Duncan; she will do anything to gain power. When she says, â€Å"How tender ‘tis to love the babe†¦I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out† (I.vii. 55-58), she shows her ruthlessness and her â€Å"bad† ambition. In her â€Å"role reversal† with Macbeth, she gains somewhat of a conscience and realizes her guilt. When she tells him, â€Å"You must leave this† (III. ii. 35), she wants Macbeth to forget about his plan to murder Banquo’s family. She is very hesitant about committing another murder and does not want Macbeth to follow through with his plan. The resulting role reversal of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth is evidence that guilt and greed eventually lead to a character’s downfall. For Lady Macbeth, her ruthlessness and greed of becoming royalty caused her to convince Macbeth to commit murderous acts, such as killing King Duncan. After the role reversal, she became aware of what she had done and realized the magnitude of her guilt. She goes into a state of denial, and commits suicide. On the other hand, Macbeth’s hesitance causes him to trust Lady Macbeth and kill King Duncan. After the role reversal, he becomes ruthless andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Role Reversal in William Shakespeare’s Play Macbeth1258 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play Macbeth has a few main themes, one of which is role reversal. Macbeth is portrayed as a strong, fierce, and trustworthy soldier. At this stage in the story he had a conscience, and had a boundary between good and bad. However, Lady Macbeth is depicted as a devious and an extreme organizer, without a good sense of what is right and wrong. She would do anything in order to obtain supreme authority. Gradually they both change their views of power, treatment of one anotherRead MoreMacbeth by William Shakespeare1293 Words   |  5 PagesThe play, â€Å"Macbeth† is one of William Shakespeare’s tragic plays written approximately in 1606. The play centres on Macbeth who is a general in King Duncan’s army. Upon returning from a successful battle, Macbeth is confronted by three witches who claim they know the future. The three witches tell Macbeth that he will be the future King. The events that occur after this encounter between Macbeth and the witches are what makes this play a tragedy. This essay will focus on the treatment of gender inRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And The Witches1277 Words   |  6 Pagesday, the women of Shakespeare’s time were typically regarded as feeble and inferior to men. Compare d to men, women weren’t thought of as important or competent, let alone capable of power. Shakespeare’s Macbeth declares this stigma wrong. In the play, the most prominent female characters, Lady Macbeth and the Witches, are domineering and mighty, while several male characters are are attributed with weak and â€Å"woman-like† traits. Through the use of reversed gender roles, Macbeth highlights the factRead MoreThe Gender Roles Of William Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Macbeth 989 Words   |  4 PagesThe gender roles in William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Macbeth are made clear from the very first act. Masculinity is associated with strength, bravery, ruthlessness and apathy while femininity is usually coupled with docility, fragility and reliance. Gender, and the behavior expected from each, is a constant motif that reappears throughout the play. The instances that appear in the play reveal that the characters are expected to act according to their g ender and limit their emotions and the wayRead MoreGender And Gender Roles In Macbeth By William Shakespeare1043 Words   |  5 PagesIn Macbeth by William Shakespeare, gender plays a pivotal role in the development of the overall plot and as the play advances, certain characters, including Macbeth and Lady Macbeth experience a reversal in traditional gender behaviors. Additionally, we see gender confusion among other characters that enhances conflict in the play. Originally, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are portrayed in ways that enforce their respective masculinity and feminism in accordance to the society around them. As MacbethRead MoreMacbeth Gender Roles Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Macbeth† completely challenges the idea of traditional gender roles and social norms during the renaissance period. The male characters have many feminine traits while the female characters have many more masculine and manlier traits. This was going entirely against the stereotypical outlook of the roles you’re supposed to play as your gender during that time of history. During the renaissance period women were only expected to clean, cook, and to have babies. Men onRead MoreEssay about The Transformations of Lady Macbeth and Hamlet646 Words   |  3 PagesThe Transformations of Lady Macbeth and Hamlet In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth, we experience a completely different Lady Macbeth at the beginning of the play, than we do as the play unfolds. Lady Macbeth is the perfect example of a character playing a dramatic role reversal. At the beginning of the play, her character was that of a strong, controlling wife, whose goal was to make her husband commit a murder in order to become king. Lady Macbeth ends up going crazy and having a nervousRead MoreLady Macbeth And Lady Macbeth : How Crime Murders Relationships1544 Words   |  7 PagesRelationships Shakespeare’s Macbeth follows the journey and downfall of the titular protagonist, and it illustrates the effects of Macbeth’s descent into villainy on his once loving and close relationship with Lady Macbeth. As their initially mutually trusting and co-dependent relationship deteriorates through the progression of the three great crimes, Shakespeare demonstrates how murder can permanently destroy a person and their relationships. Leading up to the murder of Duncan, Lady Macbeth is an influentialRead MoreTheme Of Animal Imagery In Macbeth925 Words   |  4 Pagesmost prominent tragedies, Macbeth, contains many examples of animal imagery, most of which characterizes Macbeth himself. Animal imagery at the beginning of the tragedy, such as the comparison of Macbeth to an eagle and a lion, characterize him as loyal, brave, and honorable. As the play develops, however, the animal imagery used, like a predatory bird and a ferocious beast, begins to characterize him as power hungry, violent, and truly inhumane. In his tragedy Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses animalRead MoreGender And Its Impact On Gender Essay2026 Words   |  9 Pagesthe case. Shakespeare’s characters and stories are of a varying nature, and he plays with the notion of gender binaries and the two-gender paradigm. He can be ambiguous, he can flip traditionally expected roles, he can challenge the notion of gender altogether, it just depends on which of his works is being read. Shakespeare’s approach to gender and its significance, is that of a challenging one. He challenges not only the physical presentation of gender, but also the traditional roles associated

The Metaphysics Of Morals - 1418 Words

In the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Emmanuel Kant, we are presented with this conception of Kant’s called â€Å"the Form of Law.† With the discussion of the Form of Law, we will also come to encounter both moral law and the categorical imperative. Kant’s notion of the Form of Law, we will later see has a great deal of significance within the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Within the discussion of the Form of Law’s significance in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant also provides us with a response to a claim offered by David Hume. Also, provided in this paper will be both a discussion of correctness of action and the normative requirement. In this paper, I will present Kant’s conception of the Form of Law, as well as its significance in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, and finally I will conclude the paper by evaluating this analysis of the structure of correctness in action and the normatively requ ired. As this paper will cover a great deal of the Form of Law, we shall begin by grasping an understanding of Kant’s Form of Law. According to Kant, the Form of Law is the idea that one whom acts upon a will on the basis of practical law, thus the individual’s will is acting in accordance to the Form of Law. Kant goes on to argue that wills are free, by denying the notion that a reason or an end could have any influence over our desires, in that moral wills are independent from desires. The Form of Law also suggests that our desiresShow MoreRelatedThe Metaphysic Of Morals By Immanuel Kant1199 Words   |  5 PagesGroundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals by Immanuel Kant: A Reflection and Analysis Author name Name of institutionâ€Æ' In man’s attempt to figure out what is right or wrong, they have developed a number of systems that purportedly deal with such matters. Immanuel Kant expanded on his moral philosophy in his work, Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals. This paper will be a reflection upon Kantian ethical principles presented therein and their relation to what is generally called morality. PeopleRead MoreKant s Metaphysics Of Morals2483 Words   |  10 PagesRichard Soon Professor Atanassova Perspectives April 3, 2016 Relativism in Kant’s Absolutism Immanuel Kant’s metaphysics of morals offer a well thought out and complex set of formulations that give rational beings the opportunity to be autonomous from outside factors and make moral decisions. In theory, Kant’s metaphysics of morals and a careful use of the categorical imperative are needed to create what Kant describes as the â€Å"kingdom of ends†. Kant oversimplifies certain questions certain ideasRead MoreThe Fundamental Principles Of The Metaphysics Of Morals999 Words   |  4 Pagesthe reading of â€Å"Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals,† Kant mentions our actions being done out of duty or of desire. 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The Formula of the End in Itself Read More Medicine, Metaphysics and Morals Essays2986 Words   |  12 PagesMedicine, Metaphysics and Morals ABSTRACT: Moral decisions concerning what ought to be done always assume metaphysical presuppositions concerning the way the world is. In the field of biomedical ethics, some of the metaphysical presuppositions underlying many current discussions of issues of life and death seem particularly implausible. These include our assumption of the reality of social atomism and our beliefs relating to the possibility of autonomy. Given the implausibility of these two assumptionsRead MoreKant: Grounding for Metaphysics and Morals2304 Words   |  10 PagesGrounding for Metaphysics and Morals Immanuel Kant states that the only thing in this world that is â€Å"good without qualification† is the good will. He states the attributes of character such as intelligence, wit, and judgment are considered good but can be used for the wrong reasons. Kant also states that the attributes of good fortune such as health, power, riches, honor, that provide one happiness can also be used in the wrong way (7). In order to understand Kant’s view of moral rightness, oneRead MoreAn Outline of Kants Foundations of Metaphysics of Morals1404 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundation of the metaphysics of morals is a critical examination of a pure practical reason. The present foundations is the search for and establishment of the supreme principle of morality. Method: analytically from common knowledge to the determination of its supreme principle; then , synthetically from the examination of this principle and its sources back to common knowledge. Division: 1. the common rational knowledge of morals - the philosophical rational knowledge of morals 2. the popular

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business for

Question: Write about theAdvantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business for Consumers. Answer: Introduction After the digital revolution the world has experienced great change in every sector of business. Todays business world is highly technology driven. The retailers are utilizing the social networking sites as an effective platform for marketing campaign to reach maximum number of consumers. The organizations social media integration has hugely impact the consumer behavior. This report explores various literatures that dealt with the effect of special media has on business and tries to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the strategy. Project objective The project objective is to identify and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of social networks in business. Project scope The analysis of social media marketings benefits will identify the various techniques that the organizations use to achieve these benefits. The investigation of disadvantages will help to identify the problem areas and encourage finding out possible solutions. The future of social media marketing as part of the global marketing will be explored as well. Literature Review According to Asaad and Anas (2014) the organizations follow five dimensions of social media marketing like building up the online communities, interaction between the organizations and consumers, the sharing of necessary contents, consumers accessibility of the products and earning the credibility. Social networks have significant contribution in reaching the consumer fast which influences their decision making. Through the social networks the organization establishes a community which is their product, service and business oriented. The organizations that have successfully created a vibrant online customer base loyal communities that are engaged in discussions which help the organizational business to improve and develop (Taprial and Kanwar 2012). Popular social networking sites like Facebook or twitter notifies its followers whenever some activities are happening from the organizations side. If the organizations daily and frequently update their activities related to product advert isements or promotions, the customers get immediately updated (Berselli, Burger, and Close 2012). According to Fisher and Reuber (2011) the consumer community interacts with the company directly and simultaneously which results in greater communication. Through the interaction the company shares its service related information and keeps their broadcasting up to date. In the social network setting the company shares their product information and other services to its consumers (Babac 2011). Social networks have specially proved to be beneficial for the companies as the social media is easily accessible for the consumers and for the company as well and it is extremely cheap. The company does not need any experts for maintaining the social media interaction with their customers as this does not require any specific knowledge or special skills (Taprial and Kanwar 2012). The company earns the the customer loyalty thrugh socal networks in a more easy and effective way. The organizations share their messages with the customers easily and by directly communicating them it successfully es tablishes an emotional connection with the customers and motivate them for purchasing their products more. Taprial and Kahwar (2012) claims that social media has become a great platform for expanding their business and increasing the profit by establishing the trust of their target customer base. According Shabnam et al. (2013) the emergence of social networking emphasized the organizations chances to build personal and intimate relationship with their target audience. They conducted a research among young consumers to their reaction towards the business service of various companies. The applied Klout score to determine the result. They measured brand association, loyalty, brand image, consciousness as independent variables and effectiveness of social media as dependent variable. The detail interview they conducted highlighted the organizations view on using social media and how they assert various techniques for their brand building on the social media platform. The research by Jati and Mohanty (2012) reflected in the research by Bhagwat and Gautam (2013). Both of their studies highlighted the need of social media for effective business by the organizations. They also demonstrated how the social media platforms are being used by various companies to connect to their consumers. Jati and Mohanty concluded that social network is extremely needed by the companies for doing a successful business in the digital era. They investigated the origin and growth of social network in the business sector. The social networking proves to be extremely successful in building the rand for the company. They recommended few strategies for the companies to compete in the global market. Bhagwat and Gautams detail market analysis highlighted that Facebook is the most used social network platform. Their empirical study and found data showed the use of social network platforms are growing every day and the opportunities offered by the networks are being utilized by both the organizations and the consumers. A platform like Facebook is also being used by various companies for business purposes. The exploratory research by Ramnarain and Govender explored the consumer behavior in connection with the social network. They conducted a survey among 150 young students of an African University with a well designed survey questionnaire. The survey result demonstrated that the young consumers purchasing behavior changes depending upon their gender, web browsing and life style. The improved product, important communication channel, and brand choice are the main factors in relationship with the social media networks that influenced the purchasing behavior of the youth. However in the context of South Africa, the organizations need to evaluate their communication and marketing strategies to guide the young consumers; purchasing behavior towards them. The relationship between customer relationship and brand equity has been explored by the research by Kumar and Singh (2013). They have focused on certain strategies that few companies apply in a specific time to attract a particular segment of consumer. The paper supported the previous proposals of other researchers, that social network strengthens the relationship between the customer and the company and frequently the use social network as brand building tool. The companys successful campaign among the customers also extended to its stakeholders. Kumar and Singh (2013) particularly examined the Live the moment social media campaign for the Ritz car by Maruti Suzuki. Valeecha and Reza (2013) investigated how telecom industries in Pakistan are using social networking to let the consumers identify the factors which need to be improved by the telecom companies in order to generate more profit. They engaged 5 telecom companies, 8 media agencies, specialized in social networking and 108 social media users for collecting empirical data for evaluating the case. The survey result explored all of the three perspectives which reflected in a similar result. The consumers expect the companies to be actively present on social media. The telecom organizations also apply social media integration by interacting with their customers directly and whenever they need. Bajpey et al. (2012) explored the social media networks viral strategy that helps the small enterprises to grow rapidly. Various social media marketing are also powerful in deciding the consumers effective purchasing. The compared the traditional marketing strategies with the social media marketing by various companies and concluded how the social media possesses more potential to change consumer purchase behavior. Pandey and Bajpai (2012) in another research examine viral marketing adaptability by various organizations as an effective business tool. They also focused on the most powerful social network Facebook. They examined how various marketers are using Facebook strategically and achieving success. They have also highlighted the offers by Facebook for the marketers to increase their profit. However they concluded that the marketers have to go a long as their utilizing of the social network is still at its primary stage. According to Castronovo and Huang (2012) social network is an effective alternative marketing model for business communication. They mainly focused on the relationship between word of mouth publicity and social network as part of their market communication integration. After analyzing Castronovo and Huang suggested a different conceptual model based on alternative marketing strategies particularly for the industrial practitioners to increase their product sales, enhance customer awareness and finally customer efficiency. The empirical study conducted by Bashar et al. (2012) highlights the social media marketings effectiveness as a marketing tool. The non probability sampling method and the online survey in Indias capital city involving many social networkers help them to come up with an accurate result. The result suggests that if the social network successfully offers timely and precise information to its customers, then only it be effective. Basically the gap between the expectation and satisfaction of the customers should be bridged. The authors suggested that the company should implement a business based on social relationship rather than transactional relationship. In their study Ranjhita and Sinnor (2012) explored the relationship between social network usage pattern and peoples preference. They selected 360 samples focusing on profession and 120 samples based on age to determine the customers usage of Facebook for social communication. They have designed and applied a research method named communication tracking. Their result highlighted that Facebook is the easiest and cheapest platform for the companies to promote their brand and products. The companies can increase their market share through their potential platform by offering the customers in depth description of their products and directly interfering with the customers. Through the eay communication via Facebook the company gets to know about the customers needs and desires and they can apply strategies accordingly. Barefoot Szabo (2010) describes that the transparency of the social network marketing makes the company information to everyone (Ismail 2017). The company has to be really careful and consistent before implementing the social media marketing. The social network between the consumers and the companies takes commitment. Most companies focus on building long term relationship through social network marketing. Therefore the management team of the company has to monitor the activities carefully, respond to the customer queries responsibly and post the information without any mistakes. If the company fails to manage social network marketing such a way it will lose its competitive advantages. The company cannot merely be present on various social media platforms and expect that it will bring huge profit, is just fanciful. In a way mishandling and ill handling of the social media networking may cause harm for the companys reputation and profitability. Steinman and Hawkins (2010) have highlighted another significant disadvantage of the social network marketing for the companies. When dealing with social networking the companies have to protect their copyrights and trademarks. The intellectual properties of the company are equally valuable for them as the products. The communication over social network is easy and transparent. It often becomes informal and real time service. There is always a chance that some third party of hackers might attack the system and abuse the companys intellectual properties. Their copyrights or trademarks should be regularly monitored by the management to ensure that no one else is misusing their properties. They can use such systems like screening services or internet tracking in the monitoring process. If the company fails to check the IPR breaching can damage the reputation and brand severely. The company must design and implement own regulations in various social network outlets. The effective policie s will protect the company from disclosing their data or information. Failing to collect, store and use data responsibly will affect the company privacy of service and data security. The trust is also related to the service security. The brand trust should be built as the consumers can not have tactile experience what they get in traditional practices. Conclusion Internet has a great effect on peoples lives, the consumers behavior has transformed because of the social networks. Social media marketing is an effective tool that should be used for marketing, advertise and promoting their products and services by every company. Today an active consumers does not just purchase a product passively he contribute actively by contributing in the brand and reputation building and eventually companys decision making. Apart from the advantages there some advantages which the companies must consider so that those do not affect their productivity, profitability and customer efficiency. Reference As' ad, H.A.R. and Alhadid, A.Y., 2014. The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Brand Equity: An Empirical Study on Mobile Service Providers in Jordan.Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,3(1), p.315. Babac, R., 2011. Impact of Social-Media Use on Brand Equity of Magazine Brands: A Qualitative Study of Vogue Turkey. Bajpai, V. and Pandey, S., 2012. Viral Marketing Through Social Networking Sites With Special Reference Of Facebook.International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services Management Research,1(7), pp.194-207. Bajpai, V., Pandey, S. and Shriwas, S., 2012. Social media marketing: Strategies its impact.International Journal of Social Science Interdisciplinary Research,1(7), pp.214-223. Bashar, A., Ahmad, I. and Wasiq, M., 2012. Effectiveness of social media as a marketing tool: An empirical study.International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services Management Research,1(11), pp.88-99. Berselli, S., Burger, S. and Close, J., 2012. Crisis mapping community social media information during and after large-scale disasters in Victoria.Unpublished bachelor thesis, Worchester Polytechnic Institute, Worchester, USA. Bhagwat, S. and Goutam, A., 2013. Development of social networking sites and their role in business with special reference to Facebook.Journal of Business and Management,6(5), pp.15-28. Castronovo, C. and Huang, L., 2012. Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), p.117. Fischer, E. and Reuber, A.R., 2011. Social interaction via new social media:(How) can interactions on Twitter affect effectual thinking and behavior?.Journal of business venturing,26(1), pp.1-18. Ismail, A.R., 2017. The influence of perceived social media marketing activities on brand loyalty: The mediation effect of brand and value consciousness.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,29(1), pp.129-144. Kumar, R.S. and Singh, A.S., 2013. Social media as an effective tool of marketing communication: A case study of Maruti Suzuki.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing Management Review, ISSN, pp.2319-2836. Nityananda, J. and Mohanty, A.N., Strategic Entrepreneurship: Key to Success For Competitiveness Globalization. Ramnarain, Y. and Govender, K.K., 2013. The relationship among certain youths' demographic variables and their social media browsing behaviour.African Journal of Business Management,7(25), p.2495. Ranjitha, G. P. and Sinnor, Ganapati B. 2012. Influence of Social Media Websites on Shabnam, S., Choudhury, A. and Alam, M.I., 2013. An Emerging Method of Communication: Social Media Marketing and Its Social and Managerial Implications.World Review of Business Research,3(1), pp.1-25. Steinman, M.L. and Hawkins, M., 2010. When marketing through social media, legal risks can go viral.Intellectual Property Technology Law Journal,22(8), p.1. Taprial, V. and Kanwar, P., 2012.Understanding social media. Bookboon. Valeecha, S. and Reza, A., 2013. Critical Success Factors for Incorporating Social Media Marketing in IMCReference to Telecom Companies.World Review of Business Research,3(3), pp.115-129.